Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This condition is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain, characterized by inflammation of the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. It is often related to overuse or repetitive strain on the forearm extensors.

Radial Head Fracture: A fracture of the radial head can cause lateral elbow pain, especially with rotation of the forearm. It typically occurs after a fall onto an outstretched hand.
Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow can sometimes refer pain to the lateral aspect, though it's more commonly associated with posterior elbow pain.
Elbow Strain: Strain of the muscles or ligaments around the elbow can cause lateral elbow pain, often due to overuse or direct trauma.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome: A condition that involves compression of the radial nerve, which can cause pain and weakness in the forearm and wrist. It's less common than lateral epicondylitis but can present similarly.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the elbow joint becomes damaged, leading to pain and locking of the elbow. It's more common in young athletes.
Infection (Septic Arthritis or Osteomyelitis): Though rare, infections around the elbow can cause severe pain and have significant consequences if not promptly treated.

Gout or Pseudogout: These are forms of arthritis that can cause sudden, severe pain in the elbow, though they are less common causes of lateral elbow pain.
Primary Bone Tumors: Tumors such as osteoid osteoma or osteosarcoma can cause elbow pain, but they are very rare.
Nerve Entrapment Syndromes (Other Than Radial Tunnel Syndrome): Other nerves around the elbow can become entrapped, leading to pain and neurological symptoms, but these are less common causes of lateral elbow pain.