What is the cause of a dinner fork deformity, also known as a Colles' fracture?

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Last updated: March 23, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

A dinner fork deformity, also known as a Colles' fracture, is primarily caused by osteoporotic fractures, which are reflective of compromised bone strength and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as noted in the most recent study by 1. The deformity occurs when the distal fragment of the radius is displaced dorsally and proximally, creating a visible bump on the back of the wrist. This type of fracture is common in older adults with osteoporosis who fall on an outstretched hand, as the weakened distal radius compresses and fractures in a characteristic pattern. Some key points to consider in the management of a dinner fork deformity include:

  • The importance of recognizing fragility fractures as a predictor of future fractures and the need for further evaluation and treatment of underlying osteoporosis, as recommended by 1 and 1.
  • The use of a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and evaluation, including the exclusion of contributing factors for osteoporosis and assessment of clinical risk factors for fracture, as outlined in the study by 1.
  • The need for appropriate pharmacological intervention to reduce the risk of future fracture, as noted in the study by 1. The most effective way to manage a dinner fork deformity is to address the underlying osteoporosis and prevent future fractures, which can be achieved through a combination of pharmacological intervention, lifestyle modifications, and proper treatment of the fracture, as supported by the most recent and highest quality study by 1.

From the Research

Cause of Dinner Fork Deformity

The dinner fork deformity, also known as a Colles' fracture, is a type of fracture that occurs at the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm.

  • The cause of this deformity is typically a fall on the dorsiflexed and pronated hand, which results in a fracture of the distal radius 2.
  • This type of fracture is common in individuals with osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones, which can increase the risk of fractures 3, 4.
  • The deformity is often associated with a displacement of the bone, resulting in a characteristic "dinner fork" shape.
  • In some cases, the deformity may be caused by other underlying conditions, such as Paget's disease, which can lead to changes in the shape and size of the bone 5.

Treatment and Management

  • Treatment for a Colles' fracture typically involves conservative management, such as immobilization and physical therapy, or surgical intervention, such as the use of an anatomic radial locking plate 2, 6.
  • The goal of treatment is to restore the normal alignment and function of the bone, and to prevent further complications, such as arthritis or nerve damage.
  • In cases where the deformity is severe or complex, surgical correction may be necessary to achieve optimal results 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

[Bone disease with Pain. Colles' fracture].

Clinical calcium, 2008

Research

Dilemmas in the management of osteoporosis.

Drug and therapeutics bulletin, 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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