Raynaud's Phenomenon: This condition is characterized by a sudden and temporary narrowing of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes. It often presents with a white or pale color due to the lack of blood flow, followed by a blue discoloration (cyanosis) as the oxygen is depleted, and finally red as the blood flow returns. The numbness is a result of the decreased blood supply.

Frostbite: Exposure to cold temperatures can cause frostbite, leading to numbness and a white appearance of the affected toe due to the freezing of tissues and reduced blood flow.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): This condition involves the narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels outside of the heart, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs, resulting in numbness and changes in skin color.
Diabetic Neuropathy: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves, leading to numbness in the extremities, including the toes. While it might not directly cause a white appearance, the loss of sensation can lead to unnoticed injuries that might become infected.

Acute Limb Ischemia: A sudden blockage of an artery, which can lead to severe pain, numbness, and pallor (pale color) of the limb. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention to prevent tissue death.
Compartment Syndrome: Increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can compromise blood flow and lead to numbness, pain, and pallor. This condition also requires urgent medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
Embolic Event: A blockage caused by a blood clot or other material that has traveled to a smaller artery, potentially leading to ischemia of the affected limb.

Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): A rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs, leading to inflammation and blockages, which can cause pain, numbness, and changes in skin color.
Erythromelalgia: A disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, but in some cases, it might present with a pale or white appearance due to vasospasm.
Chilblains: A condition caused by prolonged exposure to cold, damp environments, leading to inflammation of small blood vessels, which can cause redness, itching, and in some cases, a pale appearance of the affected areas.