Differential Diagnosis for Gum Swelling in a 12yo Female with Sore Throat and Fever
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Acute tonsillitis or pharyngitis: This is the most likely diagnosis given the combination of sore throat, fever, and gum swelling, which could be related to the infection or inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Gingivitis or periodontal disease: These conditions can cause gum swelling and could be exacerbated by poor oral hygiene, especially in the context of a sore throat and fever, which might indicate a viral or bacterial infection.
- Peritonsillar abscess: Although less common, a peritonsillar abscess could cause significant pain, fever, and swelling that might affect the gums, especially if the abscess is large or if there is significant inflammation.
- Mononucleosis (infectious mononucleosis): Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, this condition can lead to sore throat, fever, and potentially gum swelling or oral ulcers.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lemierre's syndrome: A rare but serious condition that starts with a sore throat and can progress to a life-threatening infection of the jugular vein, requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Ludwig's angina: A severe infection of the tissues in the neck, which can cause significant swelling, pain, and potentially life-threatening airway obstruction.
- Meningitis or sepsis: Although less directly related to gum swelling, these conditions can present with fever and sore throat and are medical emergencies.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g., pemphigus or pemphigoid): These conditions can cause oral ulcers and gum swelling but are less common and typically have other distinguishing features.
- Neoplastic conditions (e.g., lymphoma): Certain cancers can present with sore throat, fever, and gum swelling, but these are rare in a 12-year-old and would likely have other systemic symptoms.
- Aphthous ulcers or other oral pathologies: While not typically causing gum swelling, these could contribute to oral pain and might be considered in the differential, especially if other symptoms are present.