Differential Diagnosis for Periorbital Swelling and Headache
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Allergic Reaction: This is often the most common cause of periorbital swelling and can be accompanied by headache due to the body's allergic response, which may involve histamine release leading to increased vascular permeability and swelling.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses can cause periorbital swelling due to the proximity of the sinuses to the orbit and can also lead to headache, especially if the infection involves the frontal or ethmoid sinuses.
- Conjunctivitis: Although primarily an infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, it can cause swelling around the eyes and may be accompanied by headache, especially if the condition is severe or if it leads to a secondary infection.
- Dacryocystitis: Infection of the lacrimal sac can cause periorbital swelling and pain, which may be perceived as headache, especially if the infection is acute and severe.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can cause periorbital swelling and headache. It is often associated with infection and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Orbital Cellulitis: An infection of the orbital tissues that can cause severe periorbital swelling, pain, and headache. It is a medical emergency due to the risk of vision loss and intracranial complications.
- Temporal Arteritis: Although more commonly associated with headache and visual disturbances, temporal arteritis can occasionally present with periorbital swelling. It is crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to prevent blindness.
Rare Diagnoses
- Thyroid Ophthalmopathy: Associated with Graves' disease, this condition can cause periorbital swelling due to inflammation of the tissues around the eye. Headache may be a secondary symptom due to the orbital involvement.
- Wegener's Granulomatosis: A systemic vasculitis that can affect various parts of the body, including the orbit, leading to periorbital swelling and headache among other symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the orbit, leading to periorbital swelling and potentially headache if there is central nervous system involvement.