What is foodborne illness (food poisoning)?

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Last updated: February 11, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Food Poisoning

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Viral Gastroenteritis: This is the most common cause of food poisoning, often caused by norovirus or rotavirus, and typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Bacterial Food Poisoning (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter): These bacteria can contaminate food and cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
    • Staphylococcal Food Poisoning: Caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, this type of food poisoning typically presents with symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Botulism: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, which can cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure.
    • Listeriosis: A serious infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, which can contaminate food and cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and stiff neck, particularly in pregnant women, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Mushroom Poisoning: Caused by the ingestion of certain types of mushrooms, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and can be life-threatening in severe cases.
    • Scombroid Poisoning: Caused by the ingestion of contaminated fish, which can cause symptoms such as flushing, headache, and abdominal cramps.
    • Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Caused by the ingestion of contaminated fish, which can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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