What is the recommended treatment for a patient with a tetracycline-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium infection?

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四環素耐藥尿道支原體感染的治療方案

對於四環素耐藥的支原體生殖器感染,莫西沙星(moxifloxacin) 400 mg 每日一次,持續7-14天是最佳治療選擇。 1, 2

診斷與治療策略

  • 支原體感染(特別是支原體生殖器)的診斷只能通過核酸擴增檢測(NAAT)實現,且應包括對大環內酯類抗生素耐藥突變的檢測 1
  • 治療前應先確認是否為四環素耐藥或大環內酯類耐藥株 3
  • 如果檢測顯示為大環內酯類敏感株,可使用阿奇黴素(azithromycin)治療 1

治療方案

對於四環素耐藥支原體感染:

  1. 二線治療方案(首選):

    • 莫西沙星(moxifloxacin) 400 mg 每日一次,持續7天(單純感染)或14天(複雜感染如盆腔炎、附睾炎) 1, 2
  2. 三線治療方案(莫西沙星治療失敗後):

    • 強力黴素(pristinamycin) 1 g 每日四次,持續10天,治癒率約75% 1
    • 多西環素(doxycycline)或米諾環素(minocycline) 100 mg 每日兩次,持續14天,治癒率約40-70% 1
  3. 對於多重耐藥支原體感染:

    • 多西環素與司他沙星(sitafloxacin)聯合治療可能有效 4

治療注意事項

  • 莫西沙星的治療效果自2010年後已從100%下降至89%,顯示耐藥性正在增加 5
  • 應避免使用單劑量阿奇黴素(1g)治療,因為這可能增加大環內酯類耐藥性的發生 6
  • 治療期間及治療完成後7天內應避免性行為,以防止傳播 3
  • 性伴侶也應接受評估和治療,以防止再感染 3

治療後隨訪

  • 如症狀持續或復發,患者應返診評估 3
  • 單憑症狀而無尿道炎的客觀證據不足以作為再次治療的依據 3
  • 對於確診的支原體感染,治療後3-6個月建議進行復查檢測,無論患者是否認為其性伴侶已接受治療 3

臨床警示

  • 支原體生殖器感染的抗生素耐藥性正在全球範圍內增加,特別是對大環內酯類和氟喹諾酮類抗生素 6
  • 已有報導同時對大環內酯類和氟喹諾酮類抗生素耐藥的病例,這些多重耐藥感染可能需要特殊治療方案 6
  • 不適當的治療可能導致未來出現無法治療的感染 6

References

Research

2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2022

Research

2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2016

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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