How to Explain an MRI of the Brain to a Patient
When explaining a brain MRI to a patient, use simple language, visual aids, and a structured approach that addresses both the procedure and findings to improve understanding and reduce anxiety.
Explaining the MRI Procedure
- Describe MRI as a non-invasive imaging technique that uses powerful magnets and radio waves (not radiation) to create detailed pictures of the brain's structure 1
- Explain that the machine is a large tube with a sliding table where the patient will lie still for 20-30 minutes while the scanner takes multiple images 2
- Mention that the machine makes loud knocking or thumping noises during the scan, and patients will be given earplugs or headphones 1
- Clarify that MRI is painless but requires lying still in a confined space, which some patients may find uncomfortable 1
Explaining Different MRI Sequences
- Explain that different "sequences" or types of images are taken during the scan to highlight different brain tissues and potential abnormalities 2:
- T1-weighted images show detailed anatomy and are good for seeing brain structure 3
- T2-weighted images highlight fluid and are useful for detecting inflammation, infection, or edema 3
- FLAIR (Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery) helps identify lesions by suppressing cerebrospinal fluid signal 3
- Diffusion-weighted images can detect recent strokes or certain infections 4
Explaining Common Findings
- Use simple analogies: compare the brain to a complex computer system with different parts responsible for different functions 3
- Point out normal structures using a visual aid (like a brain model or diagram) and relate them to their functions 3:
- Cerebrum (thinking, memory, movement)
- Cerebellum (coordination, balance)
- Brain stem (basic life functions)
- When discussing abnormal findings, focus on what the findings mean for the patient's health and treatment rather than technical details 5
Addressing Common Concerns
- Reassure patients that some findings like minimal cerebral atrophy or minor white matter changes can be normal aging-related changes, especially in older adults 5
- Explain that incidental findings are common and often don't require treatment 5
- Clarify that MRI does not use radiation, unlike CT scans, making it safer for repeated examinations 5
Tailoring the Explanation to the Clinical Context
- For patients with suspected neurodegenerative conditions, explain how MRI helps identify patterns of brain atrophy or changes that may support a specific diagnosis 5
- For patients with suspected stroke or vascular issues, explain how MRI can detect even small areas of damage that might not be visible on other imaging tests 5
- For patients with suspected multiple sclerosis, explain how MRI can identify characteristic lesions in the brain and spinal cord 5
Communication Best Practices
- Establish a dialogue with the patient about their understanding of their condition before explaining the MRI results 5
- Use standardized terminology when describing findings to avoid confusion 5
- Provide a clear, concise explanation of what the MRI shows and how it relates to the patient's symptoms 5
- Avoid technical jargon and explain medical terms when they must be used 1
- Check for understanding by asking the patient to explain back what they've understood 5
Pitfalls to Avoid
- Avoid overwhelming patients with too much technical information about the MRI physics or sequences 1
- Don't minimize concerns about claustrophobia; instead, offer solutions like open MRI options or sedation if available 6
- Avoid discussing incidental findings without proper context, as this can cause unnecessary anxiety 5
- Don't rush through explanations; allow time for questions and clarification 5