IgA Nephropathy: This condition is a leading cause of kidney disease worldwide and can present with microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. It often has a variable presentation, which can include episodes of gross hematuria, especially following upper respiratory infections.

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): A common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, FSGS can also present with subnephrotic proteinuria and hypertension. It's a diagnosis to consider, especially if there's significant proteinuria.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Given the high prevalence of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy should be considered, especially if the patient has a history of diabetes. It typically presents with proteinuria and hypertension, and hematuria can be present, especially in advanced stages.
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis: Chronic hypertension can lead to kidney damage, presenting with proteinuria, hematuria, and worsening renal function over time.

Vasculitis (e.g., ANCA-associated vasculitis): Although less common, vasculitis can present with renal involvement, including hematuria and proteinuria, and is critical to diagnose due to its potential for rapid progression to severe kidney damage and the availability of effective treatment.
Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the type IV collagen in the kidneys, ears, and eyes. It can present with hematuria, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease, often with a family history of kidney disease or hearing loss.
Lupus Nephritis: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause kidney inflammation, leading to hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. It's crucial to diagnose due to the potential for severe kidney damage and the need for immunosuppressive treatment.

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN): A type of glomerulonephritis that can present with hematuria, proteinuria, and reduced kidney function. It's less common but important to consider due to its distinct treatment approaches.
Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: A genetic condition characterized by a thinning of the glomerular basement membrane, leading to hematuria. It typically has a benign course but can be a consideration in the differential diagnosis.
Amyloidosis: A condition where abnormal proteins (amyloid) accumulate in the kidneys, leading to proteinuria and kidney damage. It's rare but should be considered, especially if there are systemic symptoms or a known predisposing condition.