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Differential Diagnosis for Infant Popping Shoulder

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Nursemaid's Elbow (Subluxation of the Radial Head): This is the most common cause of a "popping" shoulder in infants, typically occurring when the infant is lifted or pulled by the hand, causing the radial head to subluxate.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Clavicle Fracture: A common injury in newborns, often occurring during delivery, which can cause a "popping" sound due to the fracture.
  • Shoulder Dystocia: A condition where the infant's shoulder gets stuck during delivery, which can cause a "popping" sound or sensation.
  • Brachial Plexus Injury: An injury to the nerves that control the muscles of the shoulder, which can cause weakness or paralysis of the arm, and may be associated with a "popping" sound.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A genetic disorder that causes brittle bones, which can lead to fractures with minimal trauma, including a "popping" sound.
  • Child Abuse: Non-accidental trauma can cause fractures or other injuries that may result in a "popping" sound, and is essential to consider in any case of unexplained injury.
  • Infection (Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis): Infections of the bone or joint can cause pain, swelling, and a "popping" sound, and require prompt treatment to prevent serious complications.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Congenital Dislocation of the Shoulder: A rare condition where the shoulder joint is dislocated at birth, which can cause a "popping" sound.
  • Synovial Chondromatosis: A rare condition where cartilage grows in the joint, causing pain, swelling, and a "popping" sound.
  • Tumors (e.g. Osteoid Osteoma): Rare bone tumors that can cause pain, swelling, and a "popping" sound.

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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