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Differential Diagnosis for Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN): This is the most common cause of post-infectious glomerulonephritis, typically following a streptococcal infection such as pharyngitis or impetigo. The clinical presentation, including hematuria, proteinuria, and acute kidney injury, supports this diagnosis.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • IgA Nephropathy: Also known as Berger's disease, this condition can present similarly to post-infectious glomerulonephritis, with hematuria and proteinuria, and is often triggered by infections.
  • Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membrane, leading to hematuria, proteinuria, and progressive kidney disease. Infections can sometimes trigger or worsen symptoms.
  • Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: An immune-mediated condition that can be secondary to infections, among other causes, leading to changes in the glomeruli and renal dysfunction.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN): A severe condition characterized by rapid loss of kidney function, which can be caused by various immune-mediated mechanisms, including post-infectious glomerulonephritis. Missing this diagnosis could lead to irreversible kidney damage.
  • Vasculitis (e.g., ANCA-associated vasculitis): Conditions like Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) or Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) can present with renal involvement and must be considered due to their potential for severe morbidity and mortality.
  • Endocarditis: Infective endocarditis can lead to glomerulonephritis due to immune complex deposition and should be considered, especially in patients with a history of heart disease or intravenous drug use.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Shunt Nephritis: A rare condition associated with chronic bacteremia in patients with ventriculoatrial shunts, leading to immune complex deposition in the kidneys.
  • Hepatitis B-associated Glomerulonephritis: In areas where hepatitis B is prevalent, this can be a consideration, especially in patients with known hepatitis B infection.
  • Parvovirus B19-associated Glomerulonephritis: Though rare, parvovirus B19 infection can trigger glomerulonephritis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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