Differential Diagnosis for Finger Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Trauma or Injury: This is the most common cause of finger pain and swelling, often resulting from accidents, sports injuries, or other forms of physical trauma. The justification for this being the single most likely diagnosis is the high frequency of minor to severe injuries that people experience in daily life, which can lead to immediate symptoms of pain and swelling.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Infection (e.g., Paronychia, Felon): Infections around the fingernail or in the fingertip pulp can cause significant pain and swelling. These conditions are relatively common and can arise from minor injuries that become infected.
- Arthritis (Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis): Various forms of arthritis can affect the fingers, leading to pain and swelling. These conditions are prevalent in the population and can cause chronic symptoms.
- Gout: Although more commonly associated with the big toe, gout can affect any joint, including those in the fingers, causing acute pain and swelling.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels, cutting off blood flow. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
- Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that can result from trauma or spread from another infection. It is crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to avoid serious complications.
- Septic Arthritis: A joint infection that can lead to rapid destruction of the joint if not treated promptly. It is a medical emergency.
Rare Diagnoses
- Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath: A rare, benign tumor that can cause pain and swelling in the fingers.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the fingers, though this is less common.
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which could potentially cause finger pain and swelling.