Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: This is the most common cause of vaginal itching and burning, especially if accompanied by a thick, white discharge. It's a fungal infection that can be triggered by antibiotics, hormonal changes, or poor hygiene.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Characterized by an imbalance of vaginal bacteria, leading to itching, burning, and a fishy odor. It's more common in sexually active women.
Vulvar Dermatitis: An inflammatory condition of the vulva that can cause itching, burning, and redness. It can be due to irritants, allergens, or skin conditions like eczema.
Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection that can cause itching, burning, and a foul-smelling discharge.
Atrophic Vaginitis: Thinning and drying of the vaginal walls due to decreased estrogen levels, often seen in postmenopausal women, leading to itching and burning sensations.

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Although less common, HSV can cause severe itching, burning, and painful lesions. Missing this diagnosis can lead to complications and transmission to others.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva: A rare but serious condition that can present with itching and burning. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Lichen Sclerosus: A chronic skin condition that can cause itching, burning, and scarring of the vulva. If left untreated, it can increase the risk of vulvar cancer.

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN): A precancerous condition of the vulva that can cause itching and burning. It's rare but important to diagnose early to prevent progression to cancer.
Paget's Disease of the Vulva: A rare skin condition that can cause itching, burning, and a rash. It's often associated with an underlying adenocarcinoma.
Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction to soaps, dyes, or other substances that can cause itching, burning, and redness of the vulva.