Differential Diagnosis for a 56-year-old British Man
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Ureteric Colic: The patient's symptoms of right flank pain radiating anteriorly to the abdomen, accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and intermittent urinary urgency, are classic for ureteric colic, likely due to a renal stone. The pain's radiation pattern and the presence of urinary symptoms strongly suggest an issue related to the urinary tract.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Pyelonephritis: Given the symptoms of flank pain, nausea, and urinary urgency, pyelonephritis (infection of the kidney) is a plausible diagnosis. The patient's history of urinary symptoms could indicate a urinary tract infection that has ascended to the kidney.
- Diverticulitis: Although less likely given the flank pain's radiation pattern, diverticulitis could cause abdominal pain, nausea, and changes in bowel habits, which might be confused with urinary urgency in some cases.
- Biliary Colic or Cholecystitis: Despite the patient's history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, it's possible that there are residual gallstones in the bile ducts (choledocholithiasis) causing biliary colic or that the patient has developed a new gallbladder issue if a portion of the gallbladder was left behind during surgery.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Appendicitis: Although the pain's location is atypical for appendicitis, it cannot be ruled out entirely, especially if the appendix is in an unusual position. Appendicitis can present with a variety of pain patterns and is a surgical emergency.
- Ectopic Kidney or Ureteral Obstruction: An obstructed ureter due to a stone or other cause could lead to severe consequences, including loss of renal function if not promptly addressed.
- Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage: Given the patient's history of anticoagulation (not explicitly mentioned but possible given the hip replacements), a retroperitoneal hemorrhage could present with flank pain and should be considered due to its potential for severe outcomes.
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Although less common in this age group without specific risk factors mentioned, an abdominal aortic aneurysm could cause abdominal and back pain and is a medical emergency.
Rare Diagnoses
- Renal Cell Carcinoma: While rare, renal cell carcinoma could cause flank pain and should be considered, especially if there are systemic symptoms like weight loss or if the pain is persistent and unexplained by other causes.
- Retroperitoneal Tumors: Tumors in the retroperitoneal space, such as sarcomas, could cause flank pain and other abdominal symptoms, though they are relatively rare.
- Inflammatory Arthropathy: Certain inflammatory conditions, like ankylosing spondylitis or other spondyloarthropathies, could cause flank pain due to involvement of the sacroiliac joints or spine, though this would typically be accompanied by other symptoms like back stiffness and limited mobility.