Shin Splints (Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome): This is the most common cause of pain and swelling in the front of the shin, often related to overuse or repetitive stress on the tibia, typically seen in runners or individuals who have recently increased their physical activity.

Stress Fracture: A small crack in the bone, often due to overuse or repetitive stress, which can cause pain and swelling in the shin area.
Compartment Syndrome: A condition where pressure within the muscle compartments increases, leading to pain, swelling, and potentially serious complications if not addressed promptly.
Tibial Periostitis: Inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue surrounding the bone, which can cause shin pain and swelling.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common, DVT can present with swelling and pain in the leg, including the shin area, and is a potentially life-threatening condition if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
Osteomyelitis: An infection of the bone that can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area, including the shin, and requires urgent medical attention.
Tumor: Although rare, bone tumors can cause pain and swelling in the shin area and must be considered in the differential diagnosis to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.

Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, and occasionally the shins.
Nerve Entrapment: Conditions such as tibial nerve entrapment can cause pain and swelling in the shin area, although this is less common.
Vascular Insufficiency: Poor blood flow to the lower extremities can lead to pain and swelling, including in the shin area, especially during activity.