What is the order of reporting findings on internal examination during a vaginal examination?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: October 18, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Order of Reporting Findings on Internal Examination During Vaginal Examination

The standard order for reporting findings on internal examination during a vaginal examination is: cervix, uterus, adnexa (ovaries and fallopian tubes), and cul-de-sac (pouch of Douglas).

Cervix

The examination begins with assessment of the cervix, which includes:

  • Cervical position (anterior, mid-position, or posterior) 1
  • Cervical consistency (soft, medium, or firm) 1
  • Cervical length/effacement (measured in centimeters or percentage) 2
  • Cervical dilation (measured in centimeters) 2
  • Presence of any cervical lesions, discharge, or bleeding 1

Uterus

After the cervix, the uterus is assessed for:

  • Size (measured in weeks of gestation or centimeters) 1
  • Position (anteverted, retroverted, or midposition) 1
  • Mobility (mobile or fixed) 3
  • Contour (regular or irregular) 1
  • Consistency (soft, firm) 3
  • Tenderness (present or absent) 3
  • Presence of any masses such as fibroids 1

Adnexa (Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes)

Following the uterus, the adnexa are examined for:

  • Size of ovaries (normal or enlarged) 1
  • Presence of any masses or cysts 1
  • Tenderness (present or absent) 3
  • Mobility (mobile or fixed) 3
  • Assessment of fallopian tubes for any abnormalities such as hydrosalpinx 1

Cul-de-sac (Pouch of Douglas)

Finally, the cul-de-sac is assessed for:

  • Presence of fluid (absent, small, moderate, or large amount) 1
  • Presence of nodularity suggesting endometriosis or malignancy 3
  • Tenderness (present or absent) 3

Important Considerations in Documentation

  • Findings should be documented systematically in the order described above to ensure consistency and completeness 3
  • For teaching purposes, it's helpful to describe the technique used (bimanual examination, speculum examination, or rectovaginal examination) 4
  • Documentation should include any discomfort experienced by the patient during specific parts of the examination 1
  • When performing ultrasound assessment during pregnancy, a similar order is followed, with additional focus on fetal position and presentation 5

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Failing to distinguish between cervical mucus and pathological discharge can lead to misdiagnosis 6
  • Incomplete examination of the adnexa may miss ovarian pathology, which is particularly important in patients with pelvic pain 1
  • Inadequate assessment of the cul-de-sac may miss free fluid that could indicate ruptured ectopic pregnancy or other pathology 1
  • Misinterpreting normal variations in cervical position and consistency, particularly during different phases of the menstrual cycle 1

Following this standardized approach to reporting internal examination findings ensures comprehensive assessment and facilitates clear communication among healthcare providers.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Approach to Pelvic Assessment in Women with Gynecologic Complaints

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

No. 385-Indications for Pelvic Examination.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC, 2019

Research

Agreement between digital vaginal examination and intrapartum ultrasound for labour monitoring.

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022

Guideline

Bacterial Vaginosis Diagnosis and Testing

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.