From the Guidelines
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at a higher risk of having vitamin B12 deficiency due to various factors such as restricted eating patterns and gastrointestinal issues. The relationship between ASD and vitamin B12 deficiency is complex and multifaceted. Research suggests that individuals with ASD often have nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin B12, which can be attributed to several factors such as restricted eating patterns, gastrointestinal issues that affect nutrient absorption, or metabolic differences that impact how B12 is processed in the body 1. Some key points to consider include:
- Restricted diets that are low in animal source foods or fortified foods can increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency 1.
- Certain health conditions, such as atrophic gastritis, coeliac disease, or other autoimmune conditions, can also contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency 1.
- Medications like metformin, H2 receptor antagonists, and phenobarbital can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption 1.
- Gastrointestinal issues, such as those experienced by individuals with ASD, can affect nutrient absorption and increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. It is essential for individuals with ASD to have their vitamin B12 levels checked regularly as part of routine healthcare, as addressing this deficiency can potentially improve energy levels, cognitive function, and overall well-being. Supplementation options for vitamin B12 deficiency include oral supplements, sublingual tablets, or injections, and should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment. Regular monitoring and addressing vitamin B12 deficiency can help mitigate its impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in individuals with ASD.
From the Research
Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may be at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency due to selective eating habits and poor nutritional status 2, 3.
- A case study reported a pediatric patient with ASD who developed megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a chronically unbalanced diet 2.
- Some studies suggest that vitamin B12 supplementation may improve metabolic abnormalities and clinical symptoms in ASD, including methylation capacity and glutathione redox ratio 4, 5.
- Deficiencies in certain vitamins, including B12, have been documented in children with ASD, which may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and changes in microbiota 3.
Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in ASD
- There is limited evidence on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in individuals with ASD, but studies suggest that it may be a common issue due to nutritional deficiencies and selective eating habits 6, 3.
- A review of nutritional interventions for ASD highlights the importance of recognizing dietary habits and nutrient requirements to plan effective treatment 3.
Clinical Implications
- Vitamin B12 deficiency may exacerbate symptoms of ASD, and supplementation may be a promising treatment option 4, 5.
- Healthcare professionals should consider assessing nutritional status and vitamin B12 levels in individuals with ASD, particularly those with selective eating habits or poor dietary variety 2, 3.