Differential Diagnosis for Tongue Pain
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Glossitis: This is an inflammation of the tongue that can cause pain, swelling, and changes in the surface of the tongue. It is a common condition that can be caused by various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, allergies, or infections, making it a likely diagnosis for tongue pain.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Trauma: Accidental bites or burns to the tongue can cause significant pain and are common occurrences.
- Oral ulcers: These can appear on the tongue and are often painful. They can be caused by stress, certain medications, or underlying conditions like herpes simplex virus.
- Dental issues: Problems such as a tooth abscess, gum disease, or an ill-fitting denture can radiate pain to the tongue.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Oral cancer: Although less common, tongue pain can be a symptom of oral cancer, particularly if the pain persists and is accompanied by other symptoms like a lump or difficulty swallowing.
- Angina bullosa hemorrhagica: A condition characterized by the sudden onset of blood-filled blisters on the mucous membranes, which can be painful and may resemble other, less serious conditions.
- Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency): Certain deficiencies can cause tongue pain and other oral symptoms, and missing these could lead to significant morbidity if not treated.
- Rare diagnoses
- Geographic tongue: A benign condition characterized by the appearance of single or multiple, well-demarcated areas of depapillation on the tongue surface, which can sometimes cause discomfort or pain.
- Median rhomboid glossitis: A rare condition that presents as a smooth, red, flat, or slightly raised area in the middle of the tongue's surface, which can be painful.
- Erythema multiforme: A skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, including the tongue, causing painful lesions.