What is the cause of unilateral swollen tonsils and submandibular lymph nodes with tonsil stones (tonsilloliths)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: March 25, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Unilateral Swollen Tonsilar and Submandibular Lymph Nodes

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Tonsillitis or Peritonsillar Abscess: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the presence of a unilateral swollen tonsil, which is a common presentation of tonsillitis or peritonsillar abscess. The swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes is consistent with the body's immune response to infection in the tonsil area.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Tonsil Stones (Tonsilloliths): Although tonsil stones can cause bad breath and discomfort, they can also lead to inflammation and potentially cause lymphadenopathy, making them a plausible cause for the symptoms described.
    • Mononucleosis (Infectious Mononucleosis): Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, this condition can lead to swollen lymph nodes, including those in the submandibular area, and can also cause tonsillar swelling, although it is typically bilateral.
    • Dental Infection: An infection originating from a tooth can spread to the lymph nodes in the submandibular area and cause swelling and pain, potentially affecting the tonsil area if the infection spreads.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tonsil: Although less common, cancer of the tonsil can present with unilateral tonsillar swelling and lymphadenopathy. Given the potential severity of this diagnosis, it is crucial not to miss it.
    • Lymphoma: Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma can present with lymph node swelling, including in the submandibular area, and can be associated with tonsillar swelling if the lymphoma involves the tonsil area.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can cause abscesses and lymphadenopathy, including in the submandibular area, and could potentially involve the tonsils.
    • Tuberculosis: Although rare in many parts of the world, tuberculosis can cause lymphadenopathy and could potentially affect the tonsils, presenting with similar symptoms.
    • Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes and potentially the tonsils, leading to swelling and other symptoms.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.