Differential Diagnosis for Leg Twitching

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Benign fasciculations: This is the most common cause of leg twitching, often due to fatigue, stress, or overuse of muscles. It is usually harmless and resolves on its own.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Muscle strain: Overstretching or tearing of muscle fibers can cause twitching, especially after physical activity.
  • Nutritional deficiencies: Deficiencies in magnesium, potassium, or calcium can lead to muscle twitching.
  • Anxiety or stress: High levels of anxiety or stress can cause muscle twitching due to the release of certain neurotransmitters.
  • Caffeine or nicotine use: Excessive consumption of caffeine or nicotine can lead to muscle twitching.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A progressive neurological disease that can cause muscle twitching, weakness, and atrophy.
  • Peripheral neuropathy: Damage to peripheral nerves can cause muscle twitching, numbness, and weakness.
  • Multiple sclerosis: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause muscle twitching, weakness, and vision problems.
  • Hypocalcemia: Low calcium levels can cause muscle twitching, cramps, and tetany.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Dystonia: A neurological disorder that can cause involuntary muscle contractions and twitching.
  • Huntington's disease: A rare genetic disorder that can cause muscle twitching, chorea, and cognitive decline.
  • Tetanus: A bacterial infection that can cause muscle stiffness, twitching, and rigidity.
  • Neuromyotonia: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause muscle twitching, cramps, and stiffness.