From the Research
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can indeed cause headaches, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study available 1. Many individuals with PTSD experience headaches as a common physical symptom of their condition. These headaches may vary in intensity and frequency, ranging from tension-type headaches to migraines, and can be triggered by stress, anxiety, or traumatic memories associated with the disorder. The connection between PTSD and headaches involves the body's stress response system, where prolonged activation of the fight-or-flight response can lead to muscle tension, particularly in the neck and shoulders, contributing to tension headaches. Additionally, the sleep disturbances common in PTSD can worsen headache symptoms. Some key points to consider include:
- The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in migraine patients is higher compared to chronic tension-type headache and healthy subjects 2
- PTSD symptoms are associated with higher odds of experiencing frequent headaches or migraines, with a standard deviation change in PTSD score corresponding to over twice the odds of having trouble with frequent headaches or migraines 1
- Treatment approaches typically include addressing both the PTSD and headache symptoms, often through a combination of psychotherapy, stress management techniques, and sometimes medications like SSRIs for PTSD symptoms or specific headache treatments depending on the type and severity of headaches experienced 3
- Physical relaxation techniques, regular exercise, and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule may also help reduce the frequency and intensity of PTSD-related headaches. It is essential to consider the complex relationship between physical and psychological trauma and headache, as well as the potential for PTSD and combat-related physical injury to be independent predictors of self-reported headache 4. Overall, the evidence suggests that PTSD can contribute to the development of headaches, and addressing both conditions simultaneously is crucial for effective management.