Differential Diagnosis for a 16-year-old Male with Alopecia

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Androgenetic Alopecia: This condition, also known as male pattern baldness, is a common cause of hair loss in young males. It is characterized by a receding hairline and thinning of hair at the crown, and is often inherited.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition that leads to patchy hair loss, often on the scalp. It can occur at any age and may be associated with other autoimmune diseases.
• Tinea Capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp): A fungal infection that causes hair loss, often accompanied by redness, itching, and scaling of the scalp.
• Telogen Effluvium: A condition that causes excessive hair shedding after a major body stress, such as severe illness, psychological stress, or major surgery.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
• Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection that can cause hair loss, among other symptoms. It is essential to diagnose and treat syphilis promptly to prevent serious health consequences.
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): An autoimmune disease that can cause hair loss, along with other symptoms such as joint pain, skin rashes, and kidney problems.

Rare Diagnoses

• Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder characterized by compulsive hair pulling, leading to noticeable hair loss.
• Loose Anagen Syndrome: A rare condition that causes hair to fall out easily, often due to a defect in the hair follicle.
• Congenital Alopecias: A group of rare genetic disorders that cause hair loss from birth or early childhood.