Differential Diagnosis for Bladder Wall Thickening

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Chronic cystitis: This is a common condition that can cause bladder wall thickening due to prolonged inflammation and irritation of the bladder lining.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): In men, an enlarged prostate can cause bladder outlet obstruction, leading to bladder wall thickening as the bladder works harder to empty.
  • Neurogenic bladder: Conditions affecting the nerves that control bladder function can lead to incomplete emptying, causing the bladder wall to thicken over time.
  • Bladder outlet obstruction: Obstructions such as bladder stones, tumors, or strictures can cause the bladder to work harder, resulting in wall thickening.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Bladder cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can cause wall thickening and must be ruled out due to its potential severity and need for prompt treatment.
  • Emphysematous cystitis: A rare but serious infection of the bladder that can cause gas to form in the bladder wall, requiring urgent medical attention.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Schistosomiasis: A parasitic infection that can cause bladder wall thickening and is more common in certain parts of the world.
  • Eosinophilic cystitis: A rare condition characterized by an eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall, which can mimic other conditions and requires specific diagnosis and treatment.
  • Malacoplakia: A rare inflammatory condition that can affect the bladder and cause wall thickening, often associated with chronic infection.