Anal Fissure: This is a common cause of rectal pain, especially if the pain is sharp and worsens with defecation. The pain is typically due to a tear in the lining of the anus.

Hemorrhoids: Both internal and external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain, though external hemorrhoids are more likely to cause pain due to their location and potential for thrombosis.
Proctalgia Fugax: A condition characterized by fleeting rectal pain, often at night, with no clear cause.
Levator Ani Syndrome: Chronic pain in the rectal area due to spasms of the levator ani muscle.

Rectal Cancer: Although less common, rectal cancer can present with rectal pain, especially if the tumor is large or has invaded surrounding structures.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause rectal pain, along with other symptoms like diarrhea and weight loss.
Infections (e.g., Abscesses, Cellulitis): Infections in the rectal area can cause severe pain and require prompt treatment to avoid serious complications.
Ischemic Proctitis: Reduced blood flow to the rectum can cause pain and is a condition that needs to be addressed to prevent further tissue damage.

Coccydynia: Pain in the coccyx (tailbone) area, which can sometimes be referred to the rectum.
Pudendal Neuralgia: Pain due to irritation or damage to the pudendal nerve, which can cause rectal pain among other symptoms.
Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: A condition characterized by ulcers in the rectum, often associated with chronic constipation and straining during bowel movements.
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis: A rare condition involving eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause a variety of symptoms including rectal pain.