Differential Diagnosis for Burning Tongue
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS): This is the most likely diagnosis as it is a common condition characterized by a burning sensation in the tongue and other areas of the mouth without any visible signs of oral disease. The exact cause is often unknown, but it can be related to hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, or psychological factors.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Oral candidiasis (thrush): A fungal infection that can cause a burning sensation on the tongue and other parts of the mouth, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with poor oral hygiene.
- Geographic tongue: A condition where areas of the tongue become denuded of their papillae, leading to a burning sensation and discomfort.
- Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamin B12, iron, or zinc deficiency): Deficiencies in these nutrients can cause a range of oral symptoms, including a burning tongue.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia): Reduced saliva production can lead to a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue, often due to medication side effects, dehydration, or autoimmune disorders like Sjögren's syndrome.
- Do Not Miss diagnoses
- Oral cancer: Although rare, oral cancer can present with a burning sensation on the tongue, making it crucial to rule out this potentially life-threatening condition through thorough examination and biopsy if necessary.
- Lichen planus: An autoimmune condition that can affect the mucous membranes inside the mouth, leading to a burning sensation, pain, and white patches on the tongue and other oral surfaces.
- Erythema multiforme: A skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, causing a burning sensation, ulcers, and other lesions in the mouth.
- Rare diagnoses
- Pernicious anemia: A condition where the body cannot absorb vitamin B12, leading to various neurological and oral symptoms, including a burning tongue.
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry mouth and potentially a burning sensation in the tongue and other oral areas.
- Glossodynia: A condition characterized by pain and burning sensations in the tongue, often without any visible lesions or identifiable cause.