Cancer with Thrombosis (Trousseau’s Syndrome): This condition is characterized by a hypercoagulable state due to malignancy, leading to multiple thromboembolic events, including cerebral infarcts. Pleural effusion can be a manifestation of the underlying cancer.

Atrial Fibrillation with Embolic Events: Atrial fibrillation can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart, which can embolize to the brain, causing multiple cerebral infarcts. Pleural effusion can occur due to heart failure, a common complication of atrial fibrillation.
Vasculitis (e.g., Lupus, Giant Cell Arteritis): Systemic vasculitis can affect multiple vascular beds, including the cerebral and pulmonary vasculature, leading to infarcts and pleural effusions.
Infective Endocarditis: This condition can lead to septic emboli causing cerebral infarcts and can also cause pleural effusions due to septic emboli or immune complex deposition.

Pulmonary Embolism with Paradoxical Embolism: Although less common, a large pulmonary embolism can lead to pleural effusion, and if there is a patent foramen ovale, it can cause paradoxical embolism leading to cerebral infarcts.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): DIC can cause both thrombotic and hemorrhagic events, including cerebral infarcts, and can also lead to pleural effusion due to the consumption of clotting factors and fibrinogen.

Churg-Strauss Syndrome: A rare form of vasculitis that can affect multiple organ systems, including the brain and lungs, leading to infarcts and pleural effusions.
Sneddon’s Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by livedo reticularis and recurrent cerebral infarctions due to vasculopathy, which could potentially be associated with pleural effusions in some cases.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause hypercoagulability, leading to multiple cerebral infarcts and potentially pleural effusions due to pulmonary embolism or other mechanisms.