Differential Diagnosis for Chronic Dry Eyes and Dry Mouth

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Sjögren's syndrome: This is an autoimmune disorder characterized by its hallmark symptoms of dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia), making it the most likely diagnosis for these symptoms.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: Often associated with Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis can also present with dry eyes and mouth due to its autoimmune nature affecting exocrine glands.
  • Lupus: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is another autoimmune disease that can cause dry eyes and mouth among its wide range of symptoms.
  • Sarcoidosis: This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the exocrine glands, leading to symptoms like dry eyes and mouth.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Lymphoma: Both Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune conditions increase the risk of developing lymphoma. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
  • HIV infection: Can cause a variety of symptoms including dry eyes and mouth, and is critical to diagnose early due to its significant impact on the immune system.
  • Amyloidosis: A condition where abnormal proteins (amyloid) accumulate in organs, potentially affecting exocrine glands and leading to dryness symptoms.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): Following a bone marrow or stem cell transplant, GVHD can occur, leading to symptoms including dry eyes and mouth.
  • Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder leading to iron overload, which can affect various organs and potentially cause dryness symptoms.
  • Ectodermal dysplasias: A group of disorders identified by the abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, teeth, or sweat glands, which might include symptoms of dry eyes and mouth.