What is the recommended dose of acyclovir (antiviral medication) for treating cold sores?

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Acyclovir Dosing for Cold Sores

For cold sores (oral herpes), the recommended dosing options for acyclovir are: 400 mg orally three times daily for 5 days, 200 mg orally five times daily for 5 days, or 800 mg orally twice daily for 5 days. 1, 2

Standard Treatment Regimens

  • Treatment should be initiated during the prodrome or within 2 days of onset of lesions for maximum effectiveness 2
  • Three equally effective oral acyclovir regimens for episodic treatment of cold sores:
    • 400 mg three times daily for 5 days 1, 2
    • 200 mg five times daily for 5 days 1, 2
    • 800 mg twice daily for 5 days 1, 2

Clinical Considerations

  • Early treatment initiation is crucial - starting therapy at the first sign of symptoms (tingling, burning) provides the greatest benefit 2
  • Oral acyclovir is significantly more effective than topical formulations for treating cold sores 2
  • Most immunocompetent patients with recurrent disease experience limited benefit from therapy 2
  • Acyclovir neither eradicates latent virus nor affects subsequent risk, frequency, or severity of recurrences after discontinuation 2

Special Populations

Immunocompromised Patients

  • HIV-infected or otherwise immunocompromised patients may require higher doses 1
  • For immunocompromised patients, recommended dosing: acyclovir 400 mg orally three to five times daily until clinical resolution 1
  • For severe cases in immunocompromised patients, intravenous therapy may be required: acyclovir 5-10 mg/kg IV every 8 hours 1

Frequent Recurrences

  • For patients with more than six recurrences per year, suppressive therapy may be considered 3
  • Suppressive dosing: acyclovir 400 mg orally twice daily 1

Practical Advice

  • Patients should avoid close contact while they have active lesions to prevent transmission 2
  • Treatment should be initiated as soon as symptoms appear for best results 2, 3
  • Allergic reactions to acyclovir are infrequent 1
  • The 800 mg twice daily regimen may offer better compliance due to reduced frequency of dosing 1, 2

Alternative Medications

  • Valacyclovir (a prodrug of acyclovir) provides higher bioavailability and may be used with less frequent dosing 4
  • Famciclovir is another alternative with similar clinical outcomes to acyclovir 1

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Recommended Loading Dose of Acyclovir for Oral Herpes Outbreak

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Treatment of mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections with acyclovir.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1988

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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