Osteoarthritis: This condition is common in older adults and can lead to bowleg (genu varum) due to the wear and tear of the joint cartilage, particularly in the knees. Kyphosis can also occur due to osteoarthritis of the spine, leading to a hunched posture.

Osteoporosis: Can cause kyphosis due to vertebral compression fractures, and while less directly associated with bowleg, the overall weakening of bones can contribute to a variety of skeletal deformities.
Degenerative Disc Disease: Similar to osteoarthritis, this condition affects the spine and can lead to kyphosis. It might not directly cause bowleg but contributes to the overall spinal deformity and discomfort that could indirectly affect gait and posture.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Although more commonly associated with other symptoms, long-standing rheumatoid arthritis can lead to deformities, including those affecting the knees and spine, potentially resulting in bowleg and kyphosis.

Multiple Myeloma: A cancer of plasma cells that can lead to bone lesions, causing pain, fractures, and deformities, including kyphosis. While less common, it's critical to diagnose due to its severe implications.
Spinal Cord Compression: Can result from various causes, including tumors, abscesses, or fractures, leading to neurological symptoms. Kyphosis could be a sign of an underlying process compressing the spinal cord.
Cauda Equina Syndrome: A serious condition that occurs when the nerves in the spinal canal are compressed, potentially leading to severe neurological deficits. Early diagnosis is crucial.

Achondroplasia: The most common form of short-limbed dwarfism, which can present with bowleg and other skeletal abnormalities. However, it's typically diagnosed in childhood.
Skeletal Dysplasias: A group of disorders that affect the development of the skeleton, potentially leading to a variety of deformities, including bowleg and kyphosis. These are usually identified earlier in life.
Neuromuscular Diseases (e.g., Muscular Dystrophy): Can lead to a range of skeletal deformities due to muscle weakness. While more commonly diagnosed in younger individuals, some forms may present later in life.