Differential Diagnosis for Elbow Pain
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This is a common condition characterized by pain on the outer part of the elbow, often related to overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons. It's frequently seen in individuals who participate in activities that involve repetitive wrist and arm movements.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Medial epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): Similar to lateral epicondylitis but affects the inner part of the elbow. It's also related to overuse or strain of the forearm muscles and tendons.
- Olecranon bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, which can be caused by trauma, infection, or repetitive pressure on the elbow.
- Elbow strain or sprain: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments or muscles around the elbow, often due to sudden injury or overuse.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Fracture (e.g., radial head, olecranon, or distal humerus fracture): Although less common, fractures can occur due to trauma and must be identified promptly to ensure proper treatment and prevent long-term damage.
- Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis: Infections within the elbow joint or bone, which are medical emergencies requiring immediate attention to prevent serious complications.
- Cubital tunnel syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which can lead to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand if not addressed.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune conditions: Although elbow pain can be a symptom, these conditions are less common causes of isolated elbow pain and typically involve multiple joints.
- Tumors (e.g., osteochondroma, giant cell tumor): Benign or malignant growths around the elbow, which are uncommon but should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially with persistent or unexplained pain.
- Entrapment neuropathies (other than cubital tunnel syndrome): Conditions like radial tunnel syndrome, which affects the radial nerve, are less common but can cause elbow pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.