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2型糖尿病细胞治疗方案

目前尚无被广泛认可的细胞治疗方案可作为2型糖尿病的标准治疗,传统药物治疗仍是2型糖尿病管理的基础。 1

当前2型糖尿病标准治疗方案

一线治疗选择

  • 生活方式干预是所有2型糖尿病患者治疗的基础,包括每周至少150分钟的体育活动、减轻体重(初始目标为基线体重的7%)和低脂减热量饮食 2
  • 二甲双胍(Metformin)是大多数2型糖尿病患者的首选药物治疗,这基于其30多年来积累的大量证据,以及其可负担性和耐受性 3, 4
  • 对于伴有心血管或肾脏并发症或心血管高风险的患者,GLP-1受体激动剂或SGLT2抑制剂可作为一线治疗选择 1

二线治疗选择

  • 当一线治疗效果不佳时,需要早期引入一种或两种额外的口服药物,或开始注射GLP-1激动剂或胰岛素 5
  • GLP-1受体激动剂和DPP-4抑制剂等以增量素为基础的药物可以成功达到血糖控制目标,并可能提供心血管和β细胞功能的益处 5
  • 高效GLP-1受体激动剂和双重GIP/GLP-1受体激动剂可使大多数2型糖尿病患者体重减轻超过5%,有些患者甚至可减轻超过10%的体重 1

治疗目标与监测

  • 治疗目标是将糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)控制在7%以下 2
  • 积极管理心血管风险因素(高血压、血脂异常和微量白蛋白尿),使用阿司匹林、他汀类药物和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂 2
  • 家庭血糖监测的实用性因人而异,特别是在血糖控制相对良好的患者中,应根据个体患者需求调整 2

细胞治疗现状与挑战

  • 尽管目前有关于细胞治疗2型糖尿病的研究,但现有证据尚不足以支持将其作为标准治疗方案 1
  • 传统药物治疗仍然是2型糖尿病管理的基础,特别是二甲双胍、SGLT2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂等已被证明可有效降低心血管和肾脏疾病风险 1

治疗方案选择的考虑因素

  • 2型糖尿病的病理生理机制包括胰岛β细胞功能进行性丧失、胰岛素抵抗和高血糖 1
  • 有观点认为,现代疾病管理方法应基于识别病因并纠正潜在的生物学紊乱,即使用能够正常化或至少改善导致临床表现(高血糖)的生理紊乱的干预措施 4
  • 有争议认为应将一线治疗从二甲双胍改为GLP-1受体激动剂,但目前大多数指南仍推荐二甲双胍作为首选 3, 4

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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