Differential Diagnosis for Sudden Vision Loss in One Eye
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO): This condition is characterized by the sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, leading to ischemia of the retina and resulting in sudden, painless vision loss in one eye. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Retinal Detachment: A condition where the retina separates from the back of the eye, causing sudden vision loss, often accompanied by flashes of light and floaters.
- Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve, which can cause sudden vision loss, pain on eye movement, and decreased color vision.
- Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD): A condition where the vitreous gel separates from the retina, causing sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light, which can lead to retinal detachment if not treated.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): An inflammatory condition that can cause sudden vision loss in one or both eyes due to ischemia of the optic nerve. It is crucial to diagnose and treat promptly to prevent permanent vision loss.
- Endophthalmitis: A severe infection within the eye that can cause sudden vision loss, eye pain, and redness. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.
- Retinal Vein Occlusion: A blockage of the small veins that carry blood away from the retina, which can cause sudden vision loss.
Rare Diagnoses
- Ocular Migraine: A condition that can cause temporary, sudden vision loss in one eye, often accompanied by a headache and other migraine symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic inflammatory disease that can affect the eyes, causing sudden vision loss due to inflammation of the optic nerve or uveitis.
- Tumor (e.g., Optic Nerve Glioma): A rare cause of sudden vision loss in one eye, often accompanied by other symptoms such as proptosis or eye movement abnormalities.