Viral Pharyngitis: This is often the most common cause of swollen and painful neck glands, typically resulting from a viral infection such as mononucleosis or the common cold. The symptoms usually include sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Bacterial Pharyngitis: Caused by bacteria like Streptococcus, this condition also leads to swollen and painful lymph nodes in the neck, accompanied by a sore throat and fever.
Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils can cause pain and swelling in the neck glands, often due to bacterial or viral infections.
Lymphadenitis: An infection of the lymph nodes themselves, which can be caused by bacteria or other pathogens, leading to swollen and painful glands in the neck.

Hodgkin Lymphoma: A type of cancer that can cause swollen lymph nodes in the neck, among other symptoms. Although less common, it's critical to consider due to its serious implications.
Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can affect the lungs but also cause swollen and painful lymph nodes in the neck. Given its potential severity and the importance of early treatment, TB should not be overlooked.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Acute HIV infection can present with swollen lymph nodes, among other flu-like symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management.

Cat-Scratch Disease: Caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, transmitted through cat scratches or bites, leading to swollen and painful lymph nodes, typically near the site of the scratch.
Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can cause swollen lymph nodes, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Sarcoidosis: A condition characterized by the growth of granulomas (inflammatory cells) in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes in the neck, leading to swelling and pain.