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Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Glands in the Neck

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Viral Pharyngitis: This is often the most common cause of swollen glands in the neck, typically resulting from a viral infection such as mononucleosis or the common cold. The swollen glands are usually a reactive lymphadenopathy, which is the body's response to the infection.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Bacterial Pharyngitis: Caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes, this condition can also lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck as the body fights the infection.
  • Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, often due to infection, can cause the lymph nodes in the neck to become swollen.
  • Dental Infections: Abscesses or infections in the teeth or gums can lead to swollen lymph nodes in the neck due to the spread of infection.
  • Mononucleosis (Mono): Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, mono can lead to significant lymphadenopathy, including swollen glands in the neck.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Lymphoma: Although less common, lymphoma (both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) can present with swollen lymph nodes in the neck and is critical to diagnose early for effective treatment.
  • Tuberculosis (TB): TB can cause lymphadenopathy, particularly in the neck, and is crucial to diagnose due to its public health implications and the need for specific treatment.
  • HIV Infection: Acute HIV infection can present with lymphadenopathy, among other symptoms, and early diagnosis is vital for managing the disease.
  • Thyroid Cancer: Certain types of thyroid cancer can cause lymphadenopathy in the neck, making it essential to consider in the differential diagnosis.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Sarcoidosis: A condition that can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, leading to swollen glands.
  • Cat-Scratch Disease: Caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, this disease can result from a cat scratch or bite and lead to swollen lymph nodes.
  • Toxoplasmosis: Infection with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite can cause lymphadenopathy, although it is more commonly associated with other symptoms.
  • Kawasaki Disease: A rare condition in children that can cause lymphadenopathy, among other symptoms like fever and rash.

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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