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Differential Diagnosis for Blood in Urine and Testicular Pain

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Kidney Stone: This is the most likely diagnosis as kidney stones can cause both hematuria (blood in urine) and radiating pain to the testicles, especially if the stone is located in the ureter.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTIs can cause hematuria and pain, which might be referred to the testicles, especially in cases of upper urinary tract infections like pyelonephritis.
  • Epididymitis: Inflammation of the epididymis, often due to infection, can cause testicular pain and might be associated with hematuria if the infection spreads or if there's an associated condition like a urinary tract infection.
  • Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland can cause pain in the pelvic area, which might radiate to the testicles, and can also lead to hematuria.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Testicular Torsion: Although less common, testicular torsion is a medical emergency that can cause severe testicular pain and might be associated with hematuria in some cases. It requires immediate attention to save the affected testicle.
  • Trauma: Traumatic injury to the testicles or urinary tract can cause both pain and hematuria. The history of trauma would be crucial in diagnosing this condition.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Testicular Cancer: While testicular cancer can cause testicular pain and might be associated with hematuria in advanced stages, it is relatively rare compared to other causes of these symptoms.
  • Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A systemic vasculitis that can cause hematuria and testicular pain among other symptoms, but it is less common and typically presents with a characteristic rash.
  • Sickle Cell Disease: In patients with sickle cell disease, sickling crises can cause testicular pain (priapism) and potentially hematuria due to sickling in the kidneys. However, this would be more relevant in patients known to have the disease.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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