Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Epididymitis: This is the most common cause of testicular pain, especially in young men. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, and is characterized by pain, swelling, and inflammation of the epididymis.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Orchitis: Inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It can cause severe pain, swelling, and redness of the testicle.
- Testicular torsion (early stages): Although it's a medical emergency, in its early stages, testicular torsion might not present with the classic severe pain and might be mistaken for other conditions.
- Varicocele: An enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause a dull ache or feeling of heaviness in the testicle.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular Torsion: A medical emergency that requires immediate attention. It occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off the blood supply to the testicle. Delayed treatment can result in loss of the testicle.
- Testicular Cancer: Although less common, testicular cancer can present with pain, especially if a tumor causes bleeding or rupture. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
- Appendix Testis Torsion (Hydatid of Morgagni): A small appendage at the top of the testicle can twist and cause severe pain, mimicking testicular torsion.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP): A form of vasculitis that can affect the testicles and cause pain, although it's more commonly associated with skin, joint, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Spermatocele: A cystic structure filled with sperm that arises from the head of the epididymis. It can cause a dull ache or discomfort but is usually painless.
- Scrotal Cellulitis or Abscess: Bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues of the scrotum can cause pain, swelling, and redness.