Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Uvula with Ulcers
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Acute Pharyngitis: This is the most common cause of a swollen uvula with ulcers, often resulting from viral or bacterial infections, such as streptococcal pharyngitis. The ulcers on the uvula can be part of the broader symptomatology that includes sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Oral Thrush (Candidiasis): This fungal infection can cause white patches and ulcers on the mucous membranes of the mouth, including the uvula. It's more common in immunocompromised individuals or those with poor oral hygiene.
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection: HSV can cause painful ulcers on the uvula, among other oral and genital areas. Primary infection often presents with more severe symptoms.
- Aphthous Ulcers: Although more commonly found on the tongue, lips, or inside the cheeks, aphthous ulcers can occasionally appear on the uvula, causing pain and swelling.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which can lead to a swollen uvula and throat, along with a greyish membrane covering the tonsils and uvula. It's rare in vaccinated populations but can be deadly if not treated promptly.
- Angioedema: Part of an allergic reaction that can cause rapid swelling of the uvula, lips, tongue, and throat, potentially leading to airway obstruction. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, which can be caused by bacterial or viral infections. While it primarily affects the epiglottis, it can lead to swelling and ulceration in the surrounding areas, including the uvula, and is a medical emergency due to the risk of airway obstruction.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Behçet's Disease: A rare disorder that causes blood vessel inflammation throughout the body, leading to symptoms including mouth sores, genital sores, skin rashes, and eye inflammation. Ulcers on the uvula can be part of its presentation.
- Pemphigus Vulgaris: An autoimmune disease causing blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, which can include the uvula. It's rare and can be life-threatening if not treated.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Although rare, TB can affect any part of the body, including the oral cavity and uvula, causing ulcers and swelling. It's more likely in immunocompromised individuals or those from areas with high TB prevalence.