Differential Diagnosis for Medial Elbow Pain
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): This condition is characterized by pain, swelling, and firmness on the medial aspect of the elbow, often accompanied by a snapping sensation due to the inflammation of the tendons that attach to the medial epicondyle. It's a common condition in individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive wrist flexion.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Ulnar Nerve Entrapment (Cubital Tunnel Syndrome): This condition involves compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers, especially the little and ring fingers. Swelling and firmness along the medial aspect of the elbow can be present.
- Medial Elbow Stress Fracture: Stress fractures in the medial epicondyle or the olecranon can cause pain, swelling, and firmness in the area. These are more common in athletes who throw or participate in activities that involve repetitive elbow stress.
- Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow can cause swelling and pain, which might radiate to the medial aspect, especially if the bursitis is severe or if there's associated medial elbow pathology.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Infectious Arthritis or Osteomyelitis: Although less common, infections in the elbow joint or bone can present with pain, swelling, and firmness. These conditions are medical emergencies and require prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications.
- Tumor (Benign or Malignant): Tumors around the elbow, though rare, can cause pain, swelling, and firmness. Early detection is crucial for effective management.
Rare Diagnoses
- Avulsion Fracture of the Medial Epicondyle: A rare injury where the medial epicondyle is pulled off, typically seen in young athletes. It presents with acute pain and swelling.
- Medial Elbow Ligament Sprain: Sprains of the medial collateral ligament can occur, especially in athletes involved in throwing sports, leading to medial elbow pain and instability.
- Panner's Disease: A rare condition in children characterized by avascular necrosis of the capitellum, leading to elbow pain and stiffness.