Autoimmune Rash Differential Diagnosis
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lupus Erythematosus: This is a common autoimmune disease that can cause a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash on the face, as well as other skin manifestations. The rash is often accompanied by other systemic symptoms such as joint pain and fever.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Dermatomyositis: An autoimmune condition characterized by skin rash and muscle weakness. The rash often appears as a purple-colored rash on the eyelids, face, and hands.
- Scleroderma: A condition where the skin becomes thickened and hardened, often accompanied by a rash. It can also affect internal organs.
- Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, causing cells to build up rapidly on the surface of the skin. The extra skin cells form scales and red patches that are itchy and sometimes painful.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: While primarily known for joint symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis can also cause skin manifestations, including rashes and nodules.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Vasculitis: A group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. Skin manifestations can include purpura (bleeding under the skin), ulcers, and nodules. Missing this diagnosis can lead to severe organ damage.
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A severe skin condition usually caused by an adverse reaction to medications. It can lead to widespread skin necrosis and detachment, which is life-threatening.
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An autoimmune blistering disorder associated with celiac disease. While not typically life-threatening, missing this diagnosis can lead to prolonged suffering and complications related to untreated celiac disease.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pemphigus: A group of autoimmune diseases characterized by blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. It is rare but can be life-threatening if not treated.
- Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: A rare autoimmune disorder associated with underlying neoplasia, characterized by severe blistering of the skin and mucous membranes.
- Relapsing Polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that causes recurring episodes of cartilage inflammation, which can lead to various systemic symptoms including skin manifestations.