What is the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) using red light on vision?

From the Guidelines

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) using red light has not been shown to have a significant effect on vision in the context of diabetic retinopathy, and its use is not recommended as a replacement for established treatments such as panretinal laser photocoagulation therapy. When considering the use of LLLT or PBM for vision benefits, it is essential to consult with an eye care professional, especially if you have existing eye conditions, as this therapy should complement rather than replace conventional eye care 1. Some studies suggest that red light therapy may help improve vision by stimulating mitochondria in retinal cells, potentially slowing age-related vision decline, but this is not directly related to the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. For individuals with diabetic retinopathy, the current recommendations prioritize prompt referral to an ophthalmologist and the use of established treatments such as panretinal laser photocoagulation therapy to reduce the risk of vision loss 1. Key points to consider when evaluating the use of LLLT or PBM for vision benefits include:

• The lack of evidence supporting its use in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy
• The importance of consulting with an eye care professional before starting treatment
• The need for consistent daily treatment to potentially notice improvements
• The potential benefits of enhancing cellular energy production in the retina, reducing inflammation, and potentially regenerating photoreceptors. In the context of real-life clinical medicine, it is crucial to prioritize established treatments and consult with an eye care professional before considering the use of LLLT or PBM for vision benefits.

From the Research

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) or Photobiomodulation (PBM) on Vision

• The effect of LLLT or PBM using red light on vision has been studied in various contexts, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and myopia management 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
• Studies have shown that PBM treatment can improve visual function in patients with dry AMD, with significant gains in best-corrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity observed in some trials 2, 3.
• PBM has also been shown to inhibit the progression of diabetic retinopathy, with daily administration of PBM significantly inhibiting diabetes-induced leakage and degeneration of retinal capillaries and improving visual function 4.
• In the context of myopia management, repeated exposure to low-level red-light therapy has been proposed as a potential intervention to slow myopia progression in children, with several randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrating significant reductions in myopia progression and axial elongation 6.
• The mechanisms by which PBM exerts its effects on vision are not fully understood, but may involve the induction of neuroprotection, prevention of oxidative damage, and modification of the visual cycle 5.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of LLLT or PBM on vision and to determine the optimal treatment parameters and protocols for different conditions 2, 3, 6.

Key Findings

• PBM treatment can improve visual function in patients with dry AMD 2, 3.
• PBM can inhibit the progression of diabetic retinopathy 4.
• Repeated exposure to low-level red-light therapy may slow myopia progression in children 6.
• The mechanisms by which PBM exerts its effects on vision are not fully understood 5.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of LLLT or PBM on vision 2, 3, 6.