Differential Diagnosis for UTI
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Uncomplicated Cystitis: This is the most common type of urinary tract infection, typically caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), and is characterized by dysuria, frequency, and urgency. It's the most likely diagnosis due to its high prevalence and the classic symptoms presented.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Pyelonephritis: An infection of the upper urinary tract, which can present with symptoms such as flank pain, fever, and chills, in addition to the symptoms of cystitis. It's a likely diagnosis if the patient has systemic symptoms or if the infection is suspected to have ascended.
- Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, which can be caused by infection or other factors. Symptoms include dysuria and discharge. It's considered in the differential, especially if there's a history of sexually transmitted infections or exposure.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Sepsis: Although less common, any UTI can lead to sepsis, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, or those with compromised immune systems. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate recognition and treatment.
- Obstructive Uropathy: Conditions such as kidney stones or tumors can obstruct the flow of urine, leading to infection. Missing this diagnosis could result in severe consequences, including kidney damage.
- Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: A rare but serious infection of the kidney characterized by gas formation, typically occurring in diabetic patients. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe outcomes.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract: A rare form of TB that affects the kidneys or bladder. It's considered in patients with risk factors for TB or those who have been diagnosed with TB in other parts of the body.
- Fungal UTIs: More common in immunocompromised patients or those with indwelling catheters. Candida species are the most common cause.
- Parasitic Infections: Such as schistosomiasis, which can cause urinary tract symptoms and is seen in specific geographic areas or in travelers to those areas.