Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This condition is characterized by brief, episodic vertigo triggered by specific head movements, which could explain the dizziness lasting minutes. The sensation of fullness in the ears and occasional pain at the vertex could be related to the inner ear's otolith organs, which are involved in BPPV.

Meniere's Disease: This inner ear disorder can cause vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. While the classic symptoms include vertigo lasting from minutes to hours, tinnitus, and hearing loss, the fullness and occasional pain could fit this diagnosis.
Migraine-associated Vertigo: Migraines can cause vertigo, and some individuals experience aura symptoms such as sensitivity to sound or light, which might be interpreted as fullness or pain. The absence of nausea and vomiting does not rule out migraines, as not all migraine sufferers experience these symptoms.
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: This condition can cause a feeling of fullness in the ears and could potentially lead to dizziness due to middle ear pressure changes. Pain at the vertex might be less directly related but could be referred pain.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) or Stroke: Although less likely given the episodic nature and specific symptoms, it's crucial to consider vascular causes of vertigo, especially in a 50-year-old. TIAs or strokes can present with sudden onset of dizziness, among other symptoms, and are medical emergencies.
Multiple Sclerosis: This condition can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, including vertigo, and can present at any age. While less common, it's a diagnosis that should not be missed due to its significant implications for treatment and prognosis.
Acoustic Neuroma: A benign tumor on the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain, which can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus. The fullness and pain could be related to the tumor's presence.

Vestibular Migraine with Brainstem Involvement: A rare variant of migraine-associated vertigo that involves the brainstem, potentially causing more severe and complex symptoms.
Chiari Malformation: A structural defect in the cerebellum that controls balance, which can cause vertigo among other symptoms. This condition is rare and usually presents with more pronounced neurological deficits.
Superior Canal Dehiscence: A rare condition where there is an abnormal opening in the bone overlying the superior canal of the inner ear, leading to vertigo and hearing symptoms.