Differential Diagnosis for Blocked Ear after Water Exposure

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Middle ear infection (Otitis Media): This is a common complication following water exposure, especially if the water is contaminated. The ear's natural defense mechanisms can be overwhelmed, leading to infection.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Earwax impaction: Water can cause earwax to expand and become impacted, leading to a blocked ear sensation.
  • Eustachian tube dysfunction: The Eustachian tube helps regulate air pressure in the ear. Water exposure can cause this tube to become blocked or dysfunctional, leading to a feeling of fullness or blockage.
  • Outer ear infection (Otitis Externa): Also known as swimmer's ear, this infection occurs when bacteria or fungi infect the outer ear canal, often after water exposure.
• Do Not Miss diagnoses
  • Perforated eardrum: A perforated eardrum can occur if water enters the ear under pressure, such as during diving or swimming in deep water. This condition requires prompt medical attention to prevent infection and promote healing.
  • Malignant otitis externa: A rare but serious infection that can occur in people with compromised immune systems, such as those with diabetes or HIV/AIDS. It can spread to surrounding bone and tissue if not treated promptly.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Relapsing polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and damage to the cartilage in the ear, leading to a blocked ear sensation.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder: Although not directly related to water exposure, TMJ disorders can cause referred pain and a sensation of fullness in the ear.