From the Research
Yes, multiple sclerosis (MS) does increase the risk for pulmonary embolism (PE), with patients having approximately 2 times higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism, compared to the general population. This increased risk is attributed to several factors associated with MS, including reduced mobility, inflammation, and the use of certain MS medications like steroids, as supported by a recent systematic review and meta-analysis 1. The risk is particularly elevated during MS relapses and hospitalizations, when patients may be more immobilized. Additionally, MS patients often experience muscle weakness and spasticity that can lead to venous stasis, a key factor in clot formation.
Key Factors Contributing to Increased Risk
- Reduced mobility
- Inflammation
- Use of certain MS medications like steroids
- Muscle weakness and spasticity leading to venous stasis
For MS patients, preventive measures are important, especially during periods of reduced mobility. These include:
- Regular movement when possible
- Proper hydration
- Compression stockings for those with limited mobility
- In some cases, prophylactic anticoagulation during high-risk periods such as hospitalizations, as suggested by studies 2, 3. Early recognition of PE symptoms (sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat) is crucial for MS patients and their caregivers to ensure prompt medical attention. The most recent and highest quality study 1 provides strong evidence for the increased risk of VTE, including PE, in MS patients, with a pooled incidence of VTE of 1.8% and a risk ratio of 2.12 compared to the general population.