Differential Diagnosis for Cough with Phlegm
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Chronic Bronchitis: This is a common condition characterized by a persistent cough with phlegm production, often associated with smoking or exposure to pollutants. The chronic nature of the symptoms and the presence of phlegm make it a leading consideration.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Acute Bronchitis: Similar to chronic bronchitis but with a shorter duration, often following a respiratory infection. It presents with a cough that may produce phlegm.
- Asthma: Although primarily known for wheezing and shortness of breath, asthma can also cause a cough with phlegm, especially in the context of an allergic reaction or irritant exposure.
- Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause cough with phlegm, which may be colored or rust-colored in the case of bacterial pneumonia.
- Allergic Rhinitis: Postnasal drip from allergies can trigger a cough with phlegm, as the body responds to allergens by producing excess mucus.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lung Cancer: Although less common, lung cancer can present with a persistent cough and phlegm production, especially in smokers or those exposed to carcinogens. Early detection is crucial for treatment.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can cause a chronic cough with phlegm, often accompanied by weight loss, fever, and night sweats. TB is a public health concern and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Pulmonary Embolism: While more commonly associated with sudden onset of shortness of breath and chest pain, pulmonary embolism can occasionally present with cough and may produce phlegm. It's a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Rare Diagnoses
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus, causing a chronic cough with phlegm. It's more commonly diagnosed in childhood but can be considered in adults with persistent, unexplained respiratory symptoms.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition characterized by damaged airways, leading to a chronic cough with phlegm production. It can result from infections, cystic fibrosis, or other conditions.
- Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that can affect the lungs, causing a cough with phlegm among other symptoms. It's less common and often diagnosed after other conditions have been ruled out.