Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This condition is very common in the elderly and is characterized by brief, episodic vertigo triggered by specific head movements. The high prevalence in this age group due to decreased mobility and more frequent occurrences of head trauma makes it a leading consideration.

Orthostatic Hypotension: Common in the elderly due to age-related changes, dehydration, or medication side effects, leading to dizziness upon standing.
Vestibular Dysfunction: Age-related decline in vestibular function can cause chronic dizziness or imbalance.
Medication Side Effects: Many medications commonly used in the elderly, such as antihypertensives, sedatives, and antidepressants, can cause dizziness as a side effect.
Cervical Spondylosis: Degenerative changes in the cervical spine can lead to dizziness due to compression of vertebral arteries or cervical spine instability.

Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Although less common, these are critical diagnoses that must be considered due to their severe consequences. Dizziness can be a presenting symptom, especially in posterior circulation strokes.
Cardiac Arrhythmias: Conditions like atrial fibrillation can cause dizziness due to reduced cardiac output and should not be missed due to their potential for serious complications.
Hypoglycemia: Especially in diabetic patients, hypoglycemia can present with dizziness and is easily treatable but dangerous if missed.
Severe Anemia: Can lead to dizziness due to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues and has a significant impact on patient outcomes if not addressed.

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA): A rare neurodegenerative disorder that can present with dizziness due to autonomic dysfunction.
Acoustic Neuroma: A benign tumor on the vestibulocochlear nerve that can cause dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
Vestibular Migraine: Although more common in younger populations, it can occur in the elderly and presents with episodic vertigo, often accompanied by headache and sensory sensitivities.
Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: A rare condition characterized by sudden onset of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, which can be monophasic or recurrent.