From the Research
No, female gametes (ova) do not live longer than male gametes (sperm) in the sense that ova have a shorter lifespan after ovulation, typically surviving for only about 24 hours, whereas sperm can survive for up to 5 days inside the female reproductive tract. Females produce eggs (ova) in their ovaries, while males produce sperm in their testes. The lifespan of sperm and ova is a critical aspect of human reproduction, and understanding their survival rates is essential for optimizing fertility. According to the most recent study available 1, the oviduct plays a key role in fertility by modulating sperm transport, viability, and maturation. However, this study does not provide direct information on the lifespan of ova.
In human reproduction, the lifespan of sperm and ova is influenced by various factors, including the female reproductive tract's environment and the physical properties of the gametes. Research suggests that X-bearing sperm may survive slightly longer than Y-bearing sperm in certain conditions, but the difference is minimal and not clinically significant for natural conception 2. The female reproductive tract is capable of storing spermatozoa for a period, allowing for fertilization to occur even after ovulation 3. However, the lifespan of ova remains relatively short, typically ranging from 12 to 24 hours after ovulation.
The journey of sperm through the female reproductive tract is complex and involves various selection steps, including interactions with the epithelium and luminal fluid, which can affect sperm motility and function 4. While the female reproductive tract plays a crucial role in selecting and storing sperm, the lifespan of ova remains a critical factor in determining the success of fertilization. In summary, the available evidence suggests that ova have a shorter lifespan than sperm, and this difference is essential for understanding human reproduction and optimizing fertility. The most recent and highest-quality study available 1 supports this conclusion, emphasizing the importance of the oviduct in modulating sperm transport and viability.