Symptoms of Yeast Infection (Vulvovaginal Candidiasis)
The most common symptoms of a yeast infection include vaginal itching (the most specific symptom), abnormal white discharge, vaginal soreness, vulvar burning, painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and external dysuria (painful urination). 1
Primary Symptoms
- Vaginal itching/pruritus - The most specific and common symptom of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) 2, 1
- White vaginal discharge - Often described as thick, white, and resembling cottage cheese 2
- Vaginal soreness - Discomfort in the vaginal area 2, 1
- Vulvar burning - Burning sensation of the external genital area 2, 1
- Dyspareunia - Pain during sexual intercourse 1, 3
- External dysuria - Stinging or burning sensation during urination 2, 1
Physical Findings
- Erythema - Redness of the vulva and vagina is commonly observed 2, 1
- Swelling - Inflammation of the affected tissues 1, 4
- Normal vaginal pH - VVC is associated with a normal vaginal pH (≤4.5), which helps distinguish it from other vaginal infections 2, 1
Important Diagnostic Considerations
- None of these symptoms is specific for VVC alone, as they can occur with other vaginal conditions 2, 1
- Less than 50% of women with genital pruritus actually have a yeast infection, highlighting the importance of proper diagnosis 5
- The presence of yeast or pseudohyphae on microscopic examination confirms the diagnosis 1, 6
- Symptoms may worsen premenstrually in recurrent cases 5
Clinical Pearls and Caveats
- Yeast infections are extremely common, with approximately 75% of women experiencing at least one episode during their lifetime 2
- About 40-45% of women will have two or more episodes of VVC 2, 1
- A small percentage of women (less than 5%) experience recurrent VVC 2
- Candida albicans is the most common cause, but other Candida species (particularly C. glabrata) can cause infections with fewer or different clinical signs 1, 5
- Asymptomatic colonization with Candida occurs in 10-20% of women and does not require treatment 2, 1
Risk Factors to Consider
- Recent antibiotic use 2, 1
- Pregnancy 2, 5
- Diabetes or elevated serum glucose levels 1, 5
- Immunosuppression 5, 4
- Use of estrogen-containing medications 1, 5
- Psychosocial stress 5
Understanding these symptoms can help distinguish yeast infections from other vaginal conditions, though proper diagnosis often requires microscopic examination or culture to confirm the presence of Candida species.