From the Guidelines
Unasyn, also known as Ampicillin-Sulbactam, is a combination antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including intra-abdominal infections, by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
Overview of Unasyn
Unasyn is a combination of ampicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic, and sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which works by extending the spectrum of ampicillin to include beta-lactamase-producing bacteria 1.
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of Unasyn involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, ultimately leading to the death of the bacteria.
Clinical Use
Unasyn is used to treat a variety of infections, including intra-abdominal infections, skin and skin structure infections, and respiratory tract infections.
- In the context of intra-abdominal infections, Unasyn may be used as an empiric therapy, especially in cases where the infection is suspected to be caused by bacteria that are susceptible to ampicillin and sulbactam.
- However, the use of Unasyn should be guided by local resistance patterns and the severity of the infection.
- In cases where the infection is caused by resistant bacteria, such as ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, other antibiotics may be more effective.
Important Considerations
When using Unasyn, it is essential to consider the potential for allergic reactions, particularly in patients with a history of penicillin allergy.
- Additionally, Unasyn may interact with other medications, such as warfarin, and may affect the gut flora, leading to changes in the absorption of other medications.
- The use of Unasyn should be monitored closely, and the patient should be educated on the potential side effects and the importance of completing the full course of therapy.
Resistance Patterns
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, has limited the use of Unasyn in some cases 1.
- However, Unasyn may still be effective against some strains of bacteria, and its use should be guided by local resistance patterns and the severity of the infection.
- The development of new antibiotics, such as ceftolozane/tazobactam and ceftazidime/avibactam, has provided alternative treatment options for infections caused by resistant bacteria.
From the Research
Definition and Use of Unasyn
- Unasyn is a combination drug used for the treatment of infections as well as a prophylactic intervention prior to surgical or endoscopic interventions 2.
- It is a broad spectrum antibiotic of the penicillin family that inhibits beta-lactamases, ensuring activity of the ampicillin against resistant organisms 2.
Pharmacokinetics
- Peak serum levels of Unasyn are reached in 15 min to 1 hr after an IV infusion of 15 min 2.