What is the action of ichthamol (ammonium bituminosulfonate) glycerin?

Action of Ichthammol (Ammonium Bituminosulfonate) Glycerin

Ichthammol glycerin is a combination product with multiple therapeutic actions including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial (particularly against Gram-positive organisms), antimycotic, and dehydrating effects that make it effective for various dermatological conditions. 1, 2

Composition and Properties

• Ichthammol (ammonium bituminosulfonate) is typically used at a concentration of 20% in topical preparations 3
• Glycerin acts as a humectant that attracts, binds, and holds moisture to the site of application 4
• The combination leverages the complementary properties of both ingredients for enhanced therapeutic effect 2

Mechanisms of Action

Anti-inflammatory Effects

• Ichthammol influences the formation, secretion, and effect of inflammatory mediators, providing anti-inflammatory benefits for various skin conditions 1
• Clinical evidence shows that inflammatory reactions can be reduced within 2 hours after application of glycerin-based preparations 4

Antimicrobial Activity

• Ichthammol demonstrates antibacterial activity primarily against Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes 2
• Research shows that pure ichthammol produces larger zones of inhibition (18mm for S. aureus and 23mm for S. pyogenes) compared to the ichthammol-glycerin combination (15mm and 16mm respectively) 2
• The combination shows limited activity against Gram-negative bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis 2
• Antimycotic (antifungal) effects have also been confirmed in in-vitro studies 1

Osmotic and Hydration Effects

• Glycerin at high concentrations exerts a dehydrating effect through osmosis, which helps reduce edema and swelling 4, 2
• Simultaneously, glycerin improves stratum corneum hydration, enhancing skin barrier function and mechanical properties 5
• This dual action helps in both drawing out excess fluid from inflamed tissues while maintaining appropriate skin hydration 5

Clinical Applications

• Recommended for treating insect bites and stings from mosquitoes, spiders, and bees 3
• Effective for removing splinters and treating minor skin infections such as ingrown toenails 3
• Useful for plant irritations like nettle stings or poison ivy 3
• Beneficial in managing various dermatological conditions including eczema, where medicated shampoos containing ichthammol are specifically recommended for scalp involvement 6
• Can be applied to minor skin irritations for soothing relief 3

Important Considerations

• The therapeutic benefit comes from both the antibacterial activity of ichthammol against Gram-positive organisms and the dehydrating effect of glycerin 2
• While ichthammol alone shows stronger antibacterial activity than the combination, the glycerin component provides additional benefits through its humectant properties 2, 5
• The combination has been used effectively in dermatology for over a century, demonstrating its enduring clinical value despite the development of newer medications 7